make: detect their module name automatically

For many modules the `Makefile` contains a line like
```
MODULE:=$(shell basename $(CURDIR))
```
This conclusively shows that we do not have to set the module name
manually.

This PR removes the need to set the module name manually, if it is the
same as the basename. E.g. for `…/sys/vtimer/Makefile` the variable
make `MODULE` will still be `vtimer`, because it is the basename of the
Makefile.

sys/quad_math/Makefile

-MODULE = quad_math
-
 include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

sys/random/Makefile

-MODULE = random
-
 include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

sys/shell/Makefile

-MODULE = shell
-
 include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

sys/timex/Makefile

-MODULE = timex
-
 include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

sys/transceiver/Makefile

-MODULE =transceiver
-
 ifneq (,$(filter cc2420,$(USEMODULE)))
 	INCLUDES += -I$(RIOTBASE)/sys/net/include
 endif

sys/uart0/Makefile

-MODULE = uart0
-
 include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

sys/vtimer/Makefile

-MODULE =vtimer
-
 include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

tests/unittests/tests-core/Makefile

-MODULE = tests-core
-
 include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base