Currently most blacklistings for examples and tests are done because the
board provides too little RAM or ROM. Besides of the actual linking all
the compiling should nevertheless work just fine.

This PR adds the variable `BOARD_INSUFFICIENT_RAM` to tell the
`buildtest` to compile the code for a board, but omit the linking step.

Remove some outdated example code.

msp430: provide oneway-malloc implicitly

make: make clean usable together with `-j`

Add TLSF (two level segregated fit) PKG

Issue #1061 was fixed.

For MSP430 boards oneway-malloc is already used *if* `malloc.h` was
included. The problem is that `malloc.h` is not a standard header, even
though it is common. `stdlib.h` in the right place to look for
`malloc()` and friends.

This change removes this discrepancy. `malloc()` is just named like
that, without the leading underscore. The symbols now are weak, which
means that they won't override library functions if MSP's standard
library will provide these functions at some point. (Unlikely, since
using `malloc()` on tiny systems is less then optimal ...)

Closes #1061 and #863.

Some doxygen fixes

Put all CMSIS documentation into a dedicated subgroup of cpu.

Completing low-level radio driver definition.

core/hwtimer: disable interrupts in hwtimer_remove

core: kernel: improved doxygen documentation

also added param[in] to irq.h and fix order of doxygen endguards

documentation: fix doxygen for `pthread_*.h`

native: set _native_pid correctly in daemon mode

msp430: workaround: define errno values if not provided by MSP430 lib

This fixes a bug that leads to all unix sockets being created as
`/tmp/riot.tty.0`.

This is my second take on #669, because I was asked to separate it from #764.

This change adds a malloc implementation as a PKG, which uses *TLSF* (two
level segregated fit).

The patch file removes the 64bit capatibilities, debug functions, and the
option to have multiple "control blocks" (a control block holds multiple
memory pools). It wraps `malloc()` and friends in `disableIRQ() … restoreIRQ()`.

The implemention does not support 16bit platforms, yet, but probably only some
constants would need fixing. I limited the maximum size of a memory pool to
2**30 bytes = 1GB.

This PKG is not meant to be used by applicitions directly, but by the boards.
The board's initialition code needs to call
`int tlsf_add_pool(void *mem, size_t bytes)` for every free memory region it
has. If the board in using newlib, then this call needs to happen before the
first call to `puts`, `printf`, and friends, because newlib allocates the
control data IO streams (stdin, stdout, stderr) on the heap. Adding a small
(e.g. 1kB) pool before proper board initialization would be a possible solution.

Please read the additional information in the website of the implementator,
http://tlsf.baisoku.org/:

> TLSF (two level segregated fit) is a relatively new memory
allocator designed for embedded systems. It boasts constant
time O(1) malloc/free response time and a 4-byte block
overhead. Though it typically is slightly slower than other
allocators such as dlmalloc, it has no worst-case behavior.

> The original implementation, which comes alongside the white
paper, is distributed under the GNU GPL/LGPL. The code found
here is an original implementation, released into the public
domain, therefore is not subject to any licensing restrictions.

> Features:
 -  O(1) cost for malloc, free, realloc, memalign
 -  Extremely low overhead per allocation (4 bytes)
 -  Low overhead per pool (~3kB)
 -  Low fragmentation
 -  Compiles to only a few kB of code and data

> Caveats:
 -  Currently, assumes architecture can make 4-byte aligned accesses
 -  Not designed to be thread safe; the user must provide this

> Known Issues:
Due to the internal block structure size and the implementation
details of tlsf_memalign, there is worst-case behavior when requesting
small (<16 byte) blocks aligned to 8-byte boundaries. Overuse of memalign
will generally increase fragmentation, but this particular case will leave
lots of unusable "holes" in the heap. The solution would be to internally
align all blocks to 8 bytes, but this will require significantl changes
to the implementation. Contact me if you are interested.

buildtest: ignore empty folders

Fix application name for test_bloom_byte application

documentation: cleanup doxygen for SAM3x8e and Z1

The pthread header files aren't in the doxygen page anymore after #1137,
because I `@file`'d the `.c` files, not the `.h` files.

This change moves doxygen boilerplate.

Closes #1199.

core: prefix API functions correctly

Also changed names for bitarithm functions and rename thread_pid to sched_active_pid.

tests: added a thread_sleep() at the end

Letting the main thread exit could cause failing test if thread_exit()
is broken for the tested platform, preventing the actual testing of the
hwtimer.

make: fix rebuilding on changes without `clean` or `-B`

documentation: fix generation Doxygen documentation after Cortex import

`compile_test.py` fails if there are empty folders in `/examples` or
`tests`. This is not a problem for Travis, because it always has a clean
repo.

For the average users there is a problem if they work on multiple
branches and one branch has new examples or tests. If they don't delete
the residual `bin` folders, then `compile_test.py` will print out these
applications as having failed.

This change checks for the existence of a `Makefile` in the application
folder. Also I added a progress indicator, because I like it. :)

fixes #1190